What Are Foreclosure Terms? A Quick Reference
Do you know what all those legal terms mean? Mortgage Lenders and banks use legal language that is guaranteed to confuse you. It is very important for you to be an informed consumer. Listed below is a quick reference list of the most commonly used terms. Become familiar with these terms when dealing with your lender. (Note: This in only a compiled quick reference list. Each term carries volumes with it. For more complete definition, please to
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.) This glossary of terms is written in the simplest terms.
Acceleration Clause
A provision that could allow the lender to demand the entire balance of the mortgage loan when the borrower fails to make some installment payments.
Affidavit
A written statement, usually given while under oath or in the presence of a notary.
Annual Percentage Rate (APR).
The annual interest rate covering the interest and other costs. The Truth in Lending Act requires announcement of APR by lenders.
Appraisal
The process by which a licensed person gives an estimate of property value.
Appreciation
The difference between the increased value of the property and the original value.
Assignment
The transfer of property to be held in trust or to be used for the benefit of the creditors (lenders).
Balloon Payment
Large installment payment required to pay off the entire mortgage balance at the end of the term of the mortgage note
Certificate of Sale or Title
A document issued to the winning bidder at a foreclosure sale stating their rights to the property once the borrower’s redemption period has expired.
Credit Bid
A bid on behalf of the lender at a foreclosure sale. The bid amount must be less than or equal to the balance of the loan in default.
Deed-in-lieu of Foreclosure
A voluntary transfer of title by the borrower to the mortgage company to avoid foreclosure action.
Default
A mortgage is in default when the borrower fails to make the payments as agreed to in the original promissory note.
Deficiency Judgment
A judgment against the borrower for the balance remaining after the property is sold at auction or foreclosure sale.
Equity
The value of real estate less the outstanding mortgages and debts pledged against the property.
Fair Market Value
The price a property would sell for on the open market.
Fee Simple
Common term used to indicate complete legal ownership of a property.
Foreclosure
The forced sale of property pledged as security for a debt that is in default.
Grace Period
Period between the due and the overdue date during which no late payment penalty applies to the mortgage payment.
Judicial Foreclosure
A foreclosure that is processed by a court action.
Lien
A charge upon real or personal property for the satisfaction of a debt.
Lis Pendens
A recorded notice of pending lawsuit.
Mortgage
A written pledge of property that is used as security for the repayment of a loan.
Non-judicial Foreclosure
Non-judicial foreclosure is when a power of sale clause exists in a mortgage or deed of trust. A "power of sale" clause is the clause in a deed of trust or mortgage, in which the borrower pre-authorizes the sale of property to pay off the balance on a loan in the event of their default.
Notice of Sale
A notice giving specific information about the loan in default and the proceedings about to take place. This notice must be recorded with the county where property is located and advertised as stated in the security document or as dictated by state law.
Refinance
Paying off one mortgage loan by obtaining a new mortgage loan.
Right of Redemption
A borrower's right to reacquire property lost due to a foreclosure. This right allows the owner to recover property lost to a foreclosure judgment, or sold after a foreclosure sale, within a certain period of time. The redemption period varies among the states.
Short Sale
A sale where the lender will agree to accept less than the full amount of the mortgage. This allows you to sell the house to an investor or other buyer for a good price, while the lender recovers the bulk of the amount due without having to pursue foreclosure proceedings.
Trustee
A neutral party who advertises the foreclosure property for sale and conducts the auction to sell said property to the highest bidder.
Trustee Sale (Sheriff Sale)
An auction of real property conducted by a trustee. Also known as a Sheriff's Sale.
Writ
An order or mandatory process in writing issued in the name of a court or judicial officer commanding the person to whom it is directed to perform or refrain from performing a specified act.